The Great Pyramid of Giza has captivated human imagination for millennia, and the more we learn about it, the more mysterious it becomes.
Is it merely a tomb for an ancient pharaoh, or could it be something far more advanced – perhaps even an ancient power generator? While conventional history dates its construction to around 2560 BCE, some researchers suggest it could be much older, possibly 20,000 years or more.
Recent years have seen amazing advances in our understanding of the pyramid, though these findings are often met with resistance from mainstream academia. The story of the Great Pyramid is incredible, and as we’ll see, no single theory about its purpose or construction has definitively more validity than another.
One thing is becoming increasingly clear, however: the notion that it was built by slaves using primitive stone tools seems less and less plausible. This article will present a series of stunning facts about the Great Pyramid, challenging our preconceptions and inviting you, the reader, to decipher their merits. From its precise astronomical alignments to its advanced engineering features, we’ll explore the evidence that continues to puzzle experts and fuel alternative theories about this ancient wonder.
The stats:
Based on the search results and additional knowledge, here’s a comprehensive list of statistics and facts about the Great Pyramid of Giza, including its stunning accuracy and engineering feats:
General Statistics:
- Original Height: 146.5 meters (480.6 feet)
- Current Height: Approximately 138.8 meters (455.4 feet) due to erosion and loss of casing stones.
- Base Length (Each Side): 230.4 meters (755.9 feet)
- Base Area: 13.6 acres (5.5 hectares)
- Estimated Total Weight: 5.9 million tons
- Estimated Number of Stone Blocks: 2.3 million
- Average Weight of Each Stone Block: About 2.5 tons, with some blocks weighing up to 80 tons.
- Casing Stones: Originally around 144,000, highly polished and flat to an accuracy of 1/100th of an inch.
- Average Casing Stone Dimensions: Approximately 1.5 meters (5 feet) long by 1.5 meters (5 feet) high by 1.8 meters (6 feet) deep, weighing around 15 tons.
- Joint Gaps: Average joint width of only 0.5 millimeters (0.020 inches).
Engineering Precision:
- Alignment to Cardinal Directions: The sides are aligned to the four cardinal points with an average deviation of only about 3 minutes and 38 seconds of arc.
- Squareness Error: The average corner error is only 12 seconds of arc.
- Side Length Accuracy: Average error in side lengths is only about 58 millimeters (2.3 inches).
- Slope Angle: The pyramid’s slope angle is approximately 51°50’40” (seked of 5+1/2 palms).
- Volume: Approximately 2.6 million cubic meters (92 million cubic feet).
Construction Techniques:
- Mortar Composition: The mortar used is of unknown origin but has been analyzed; it is stronger than the stone itself and still holds today.
- Foundation Leveling: The cornerstone foundations feature a ball-and-socket construction to accommodate heat expansion and seismic activity.
- Interior Chambers: The King’s Chamber is lined with massive granite blocks, while the Queen’s Chamber features unique architectural elements.
Unique Features:
- Eight-Sided Pyramid: The pyramid has a slight concave shape on each face, making it appear as an eight-sided structure when viewed from above.
- Temperature Stability: The King’s Chamber maintains a constant temperature of about 20°C (68°F).
- Hidden Corridors: Recent discoveries using non-invasive technologies have revealed hidden corridors within the pyramid.
Mathematical Relationships:
- Pi Relation: The ratio of the pyramid’s perimeter to its height approximates $$2\pi$$ with remarkable precision.
- Geographic Centering: The Great Pyramid is located at the geographic center of all land masses on Earth.
Speed of light is 299,792,458 metres per second. The exact latitude of the Great Pyramid of Giza are 29.9792458°N.
The pyramid encodes the fractal speed of light, the precise measurements of earth’s curvature and radius, the sun’s radius, average continent height, average temperature of earth and other geological, mathematical and astronomical information. A culture so ancient knew about all these information and actually put them together in a single structure is something that is difficult to digest even with the most effective digestive pills ever created by science.
The Great Pyramid is at the geographic center of the earth. The possibility of building the Great Pyramid at that location is 1 out of 3 billion. It features ball and socket construction to deal with heat expansion and earthquakes.
The Great Pyramid is claimed by archeology to have been built ~4500 years ago but a neighbouring monument exhibits considerably greater signs of ageing. Sea levels were appreciably lower at the end of the Ice Age when Giza was situated at the intersection of the lengthiest geodesic and parallel over land, a record the carving of the Sphinx appears to have commemorated.
The Sphinx patiently weathered a hostile climate until the Great Pyramid was constructed, whose latitude in degrees tallies with the speed of light, c = 299, 792 km/s, to six significant digits. The pyramids geometry showcases both p and the golden ratio, f, with the conjunction p – f^2 p/6 f^2/5 not only providing a natural basis for the cubit/metre ratio but also approximating the speed-of-light latitude in radians. Its scaling reflects the size of the Earth and its rotation rate.
By relating cubits to metres and days to seconds, this mighty monument quite deliberately encodes the value of c, figuratively permitting the conversion of energy to mass. Parallels exist with a recent analysis of Avebury, which also demonstrates ancient knowledge of modern physics.
The geometry simultaneously encodes approximations for both p and f, highlighting various relationships between them. The centre of the pyramid’s base lies just 11 metres south of the speed of light latitude, indicated here by the red dot, and challenging the history of science.
The Great Pyramid has eight faces.
All the 8 sides are visible only during spring and autumn equinox for less than a minute. Check out this amazing aerial photograph of the Great Pyramid of Giza, where you can see all eight sides (not just four) in clear view. This unique concave feature, which is not visible from the ground, can only be seen in aerial photos or on certain days when the sun hits the structures at a particular angle. Interestingly, this feature was first discovered by a British Air Force pilot who stumbled upon it accidentally in 1940. However, it had already been noted by the English Egyptologist Sir Flinders Petrie back in the 1870s, who believed that it was an intentional aspect of the pyramid’s design rather than a construction error.
The curvature of the concave faces of the pyramid is exactly the same as earth’s curvature.
Giza lies at the intersection of the world’s lengthiest great circle (13642 km) and the world’s lengthiest parallel over land (12734 km), a record set during the last ice age.
Conveniently located near the Nile and a plentiful supply of limestone, the Great Pyramid has experienced little precipitation. The east/west parallel that crosses the most land and the north/south meridian that crosses the most land intersect in two places on the earth, one in the ocean and the other at the Great Pyramid.
It is located at the exact intersection of the LONGEST LINE OF LATITUDE and the LONGEST LINE OF LONGITUDE. According to experts, the Great Pyramid is the most accurately aligned structure ever created by human beings. It is said that the pyramid faces true north with a mere 3/60th of a degree of error. It is assumed that when it was initially raised that it was precisely aligned with the North Pole, the position of which has shifted slightly over time. But this isn’t even the most puzzling aspect of the geographical positioning of the pyramid. Of the two noted values, the latitude is of greatest significance, as the placement of the pyramid north of the equator is the very thing that forces one to conclude the builders knew the true and exacting dimensions of the earth.
Great Pyramid is that it is perfectly oriented to the four points of the compass only being out by 3 arc minutes a discrepancy of less than 0.06 percent.
One of the most confounding issues is how the structures became so perfectly aligned.
Although it’s slightly lopsided, overall the square sides of the 138.8 meter (455 foot) Great Pyramid of Giza also known as the Great Pyramid of Khufu are pretty damn straight, and aligned almost perfectly along the cardinal points, north-south-east-west.
The builders of the Great Pyramid of Khufu aligned the great monument to the cardinal points with an accuracy of better than four minutes of arc, or one-fifteenth of one degree, archaeologist and engineer Glen Dash explained in a study published in 2017 in The Journal of Ancient Egyptian Architecture.
In fact, all three of the largest Egyptian pyramids two at Giza and one at Dahshur are remarkably aligned, in a way you wouldn’t expect to see from an era without drones, blueprints, and computers.
All three pyramids exhibit the same manner of error; they are rotated slightly counterclockwise from the cardinal points, Dash wrote.
While many hypotheses exist as to how they did this using the pole star to align the pyramids, or the Sun’s shadow it’s never been fully clear how these worked.
Dash came up with another, simpler idea. His study suggested that the Egyptians roughly 4,500 years ago could have used the autumnal equinox to achieve perfect alignment.
The equinox is regarded as the moment twice a year when the plane of Earth’s equator passes through the centre of the Sun’s disc, and the length of day and night are pretty much equal.
Previously equinox measurements had been overlooked as a possible alignment method, as it was assumed it wouldn’t provide enough accuracy.
But Dash’s work showed that there’s a way this could have worked using a rod known as a gnomon
The Great Pyramid is located exactly in the center of all the planet’s landmass.
The Great Pyramid’s Precise Measurements
The British writer Graham Hancock highlights the remarkable precision in the Great Pyramid’s measurements. If you multiply the base perimeter of 3,024 feet by 43,200, you get the Earth’s equatorial circumference. And if you multiply its original height of 481 feet by 43,200, you arrive at the polar radius of the Earth. This number, 43,200, is significant because it represents the axial precession of the Earth, or the way it wobbles on its axis over a cycle of 25,920 years (43,200 divided by the precession rate of 1 degree every 72 years).
Massive Base and Precise Leveling
The base of the Great Pyramid is a square with each side measuring 230 meters (756 feet), covering an area of 5.3 hectares (13 acres). To put this into perspective, nearly 10 football fields could fit within its base. Remarkably, the base is level to within 2 centimeters (less than an inch) of precision.
Scale Model of the Earth
The Great Pyramid is believed to be a scale model of the Earth, with a ratio of 1:43,200. Each side of the pyramid’s base represents the length of one of the four seasons, with slightly different lengths.The pyramid sits on a platform called the socle. When two sides of the socle are multiplied by 43,200, the result is the Earth’s equatorial circumference of approximately 24,902 miles.
The Cubit Measure
The ancient Egyptians used a special adaptation of the royal cubit, equal to 28 fingers or 7 palms, for the construction of the Great Pyramid. One finger is equal to 0.01875 meters, making the royal cubit measure 0.525 meters.However, building a pyramid required a more precise unit than finger or palm measurements. The clever architect of the Great Pyramid set the radius of a circle to 1, simplifying the circumference equation to C = 2π = 6.2832. By dividing this circumference into 12 slices of 30 degrees each, the resulting cubit measure for the Great Pyramid was 0.5236 meters.
Precise Calculations
The two sides of the socle base are equal to 15 seconds of the 360 degrees in a circle. Multiplying 60 seconds × 60 minutes × 360 degrees gives 1,296,000 seconds. The ratio of 15:1,296,000 is 1:86,400, which is the scale factor used for the Great Pyramid’s measurements.These calculations demonstrate the advanced mathematical and astronomical knowledge of the ancient Egyptians, incorporating precise measurements and geometric principles into the construction of the Great Pyramid.
The Orion Correlation Theory
The Orion correlation theory proposes that the arrangement of the three largest pyramids at the Giza pyramid complex was intentionally designed to mirror the pattern of the three stars in Orion’s Belt. This theory suggests a deeper astronomical purpose and meaning behind the layout of these ancient monuments.
Connection to Osiris and the Afterlife
In ancient Egyptian mythology, the stars of Orion were associated with Osiris, the god of rebirth and the afterlife. The positioning of the pyramids to align with Orion’s Belt may have been intended to symbolize or honor this important deity and the concept of an eternal afterlife.
Alignment with Orion’s Belt
According to the theory, the relative positions of the three main pyramids at Giza (Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure) were carefully arranged to match the pattern of the three stars that make up Orion’s Belt (Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka). The slightly offset position of the Mintaka star is even reflected in the layout of the pyramids.
Expanding the Correlation
Some versions of the theory propose additional alignments beyond just the three pyramids and Orion’s Belt. The Nile River is suggested to represent the Milky Way, while other smaller pyramids may have been positioned to depict other stars in the Orion constellation.
Origins and Proponents
The Orion correlation theory was first published in 1989 by Robert Bauval in the journal Discussions in Egyptology. It gained wider attention through the 1994 book “The Orion Mystery” by Bauval and Adrian Gilbert, as well as works by Graham Hancock. The theory has been explored in documentaries and embraced by some in the New Age movement.While still debated by Egyptologists, the Orion correlation theory offers an intriguing perspective on the potential astronomical knowledge and symbolic intentions behind the construction of the famous Giza pyramids.
The base of The Great Pyramid is perfectly level
The Great Pyramid’s base is a remarkably precise square, with each side measuring an impressive 756 feet (230 meters) in length. This massive base covers a staggering area of over 13 acres (5.3 hectares) of land, large enough to accommodate nearly 10 full-sized football fields within its footprint.The construction of this base exhibits an astonishing level of accuracy and craftsmanship. Despite the immense scale, the greatest difference in length among the four sides is a mere 4.4 centimeters (1.75 inches).
Furthermore, the base is leveled with a precision of 2.1 centimeters (less than an inch) across its entire expanse.With each side spanning an area of 5.5 acres (2.2 hectares), the total surface area covered by the four sides of the Great Pyramid’s base is a colossal 22 acres (8.9 hectares). This vast footprint demonstrates the extraordinary engineering and construction capabilities of the ancient Egyptian builders, who achieved such remarkable precision and scale without modern tools and technology. The precise squareness, leveling, and sheer size of the Great Pyramid’s base continue to astound and inspire awe.
The Pyramids Were Jewels
When the pyramid was built, the entire structure was covered with what is known as casing stones. Casing stones were actually limestones that were extremely well polished.
According to experts, some 144,000 casing stones were used. Each of these casing stones had a thickness of nearly 100 inches.
These casing stones were also extremely flat. So flat that in mathematical terms, the accuracy of the stones flatness stood at 1/100th or 0.01 inch of perfect straight. The average weight of each casing stone stood at 20 tons.
The casing stones were so shiny that they reflected sunlight in such a way that the whole structure looked like a massive white jewel sparkling in daylight.
Only a few of these casing stones remain today near the base of the pyramid. The remaining were removed after a massive earthquake that took place in 14th century shook the pyramid and loosened the casing stones.
The Arabs then ripped off the casing stones and used them for building mosques.
As far as the beauty of the Great Pyramid was concerned in its full glory, it is being said that the highly polished casing stones served the purpose of gigantic mirrors, which led to so powerful and brilliant light reflections that those reflections could easily be seen from moon. Well, there is absolutely no way of verifying this.
It is because of the brilliant reflections of the casing stones that the Great Pyramid was named by the Egyptians as Ikhet which in English means Glorious Light.
each of these stones were cut out at nearly perfect right angles on all 6 sides. On top of that, each of these casing stones were placed with a gap of 0.02 inches between them.
This gap was not accidental. It was rather intentional. The space or gap between two casing stones was meant for the glue that held the casing stones together. Interesting, the technology of the 21st century is incapable of achieve greater accuracy with 20-ton stones than what was already achieved with the casing stones of the Great Pyramid.
Scientists have been baffled by the mortar that was used for the construction of the pyramid. The mortar is way stronger than the rocks that were used and though scientists have actually analyzed the chemical composition of the mortar, they have not been able to reproduce it.
Since the foundations of the cornerstones have a ball-and-socket construction, the pyramid at Giza can withstand substantial temperature fluctuation as well as acts of nature, such as earthquakes, and still maintain its structural integrity. The Great Pyramid is the only pyramid to have this type of construction.
The Great Pyramid is the last of the three pyramids that were built by Egyptians with a swivel door.
However, that swivel door no longer exists in the pyramid. The other two pyramids with swivel door were of Sneferu Khufu’s father and Huni Khufu’s grandfather.
According to several reports, the Great Pyramid’s swivel door once weighed 20 tons before the pyramid was broken into for the first time. According to those reports, the door was not just a massive swiveling door but was incredibly well-balanced with a so perfect a fit that once it was closed, there was extremely difficult to know that there was a door in place by looking at it from the outside. This happened because there weren’t any significant crevices or cracks that would easily give about that 20-ton rock slab as a door.
Though the door was incredibly heavy and extremely difficult to detect from out, it was incredibly easy to open from the inside with very little force. It could be easily opened simply by pushing the door from inside using bare hands.
Shafts inside the pyramid were initially assumed to be for ventilation. However, modern research indicates that they were aligned properly for star-gazing at specific stars in the constellation of Orion. An Egyptian engineer named Robert Bauval discovered that the alignment of the three pyramids at Giza matched the alignment of stars in Orion’s Belt; other pyramids represented other stars in Orion’s Belt. According to research conducted by American astronomer Virginia Trimble, because of the direction of the shafts, they were intended to allow the Pharaoh’s soul to reunite with the stars when he died, which would enable his transition to a god.
The so called Descending Passage (that goes down from the original entrance of the pyramid that is placed vertically above the ground level) is pointed towards the Alpha Draconis, which used to be the Pole Star or the North Star during c. 2170-2144 BCE. Ever since then no other star has been in perfect alignment with the Descending Passage.
The King’s Chambers southern shaft pointed directly to Zeta Orionis or Al Nitak a star in the Orion Belt in around 2450 BCE.
Although there is a coffer in the King’s chamber and the pyramid was thought to have been intended as Khufu’s tomb, there is no evidence that anyone was ever buried in it. The coffer is too large to have been placed inside after construction was completed, therefore the coffer must have been placed inside beforehand and the structure erected around it.
Made of solid rose granite, modern-day analysis indicated that the tools needed for construction of the coffer were bronze saws between 8 and 9 feet long with sapphire teeth, as well as a fixed-point drill that used hard-jewel bits; at least 2 tons of drilling force would have been necessary. Another unusual correlation is that twice the perimeter of the coffer’s base multiplied by 10^8 yields the radius of the sun, or approximately 427,316 miles.
Originally, there did not appear to be any hieroglyphics inside the tomb, only a mark that indicated the work crew, and rolls of papyrus, which were discovered in 2013, that detailed the last few years of construction.
The Great Pyramid of Giza Encoded with incredible mathematical, geological and astronomical science.
For example, if the total mass of the pyramid is multiplied by 10 raised to the power of 8 (108), what we really get is the mass slightly greater than the mass of earth.
All measurements of the Great Pyramid of Khufu are in Pyramid Inch. Even the granite coffer present in the King’s chamber uses the same unit of measurement. The base of the coffer has a perimeter of 135.22689251 pyramid inches. Doubling this value and multiplying it by 108 gives us the radius of the sun, which is 427,316 miles.
If on each side of the pyramid, we measure the base from corner to corner as a straight line, we get 9,131 pyramid inches. For all four side, this will measure 36,524 pyramid inches (which is actually the circumference of the pyramid). Well, if we move the decimal point to two places to left, what we get is 365.24 pyramid cubits, which is the exact length of solar year as of modern calculations.
We know that p (Pi) is the universal relationship between the diameter and circumference of a circle. Now, if the pyramid’s circumference is divided by twice the apex height of the pyramid, we get the value 3.14159. This is p. Just in case you are wondering, the actual height of the Great Pyramid of Giza (including the apex that is now missing) was 5812.98 pyramid inches.
It is not that the p is present only in height and circumference relationship of the pyramid. The same has been used in numerous places in the whole pyramid. Not just the Pi, the Golden Ratio or the Phi, which equals 1.618 is also present in the fundamental proportions of the Great Pyramid.
Given the angle of pyramid’s sides versus it latitude, the Great Pyramid casts no shadow at all during the noon of spring equinox.
The Great Pyramid’s Encoded Metrological System
The Great Pyramid of Giza stands not only as an awe-inspiring architectural marvel but also as a remarkable repository of ancient knowledge, precisely encoding an advanced metrological system within its very dimensions and geometry. This intricate system, based on the royal Egyptian cubit, reveals the profound understanding of mathematics, geography, and metrology possessed by the pyramid’s builders.
At the heart of this encoded system lies the royal cubit, a unit of length that measured approximately 0.524 meters or 20.6 inches. Physical examples of cubit rods from ancient Egypt closely match this length, such as the 524 mm rod on display in museums. However, the Great Pyramid’s measurements suggest an even more precise value of 0.5236 meters for the cubit unit used in its construction.
This value of 0.5236 appears repeatedly in mathematical equations relating the pyramid’s dimensions to fundamental constants like pi (π) and the golden ratio (ϕ). For instance, the equations π – ϕ^2 = 0.5236 and one-fifth of ϕ^2 = 0.5236 directly yield the cubit’s length in meters, inextricably tying it to the pyramid’s geometry.
Moreover, the cubit of 0.5236 meters is approximately one-sixth of the distance between the pyramid’s latitude and the poles, suggesting an encoding of its geographic position within its very unit of measurement. This remarkable connection hints at the builders’ advanced understanding of geography and the Earth’s dimensions.
The cubit itself is proposed to be derived from a more fundamental “geographic foot” of 1.009524 feet, based on the degree of the meridian. When multiplied by 12/7, this geographic foot yields the root royal cubit of 1.7142857 feet or 20.57 inches, closely matching the measurements of certain cubit rods and pyramid bases cited by researchers.
Furthermore, the Great Pyramid’s base dimensions are described in multiples of the royal cubit, such as 440 cubits, further reinforcing the use of this unit in its construction.
Through these intricate relationships and encodings, the Great Pyramid of Giza emerges as a remarkable repository of ancient knowledge, precisely incorporating an advanced metrological system based on the royal Egyptian cubit. This system not only demonstrates the builders’ mastery of mathematics and geometry but also their profound understanding of geography and the Earth’s dimensions.
The Great Pyramid’s encoded metrological system is one of the remarkable achievements of ancient Egyptian civilization, challenging modern assumptions about the limitations of their knowledge and capabilities. As researchers continue to unravel the secrets hidden within this iconic monument, it promises to shed further light on the depths of wisdom possessed by its enigmatic architects and builders.
The Ancient Egyptian “Metre” and Its Cosmic Significance
While the modern metric system was formalized during the French Revolution, evidence suggests the ancient Egyptians possessed remarkably advanced knowledge that allowed them to derive a unit of length strikingly similar to the current metre standard.
The Great Pyramid of Giza exhibits numerous mathematical and geometric properties that point to the use of a unit equal to approximately 0.5236 meters – a value that matches the royal Egyptian cubit of around 0.524 meters to a high degree of precision. This “ancient metre” appears encoded into the very dimensions and geometry of the pyramid through intricate mathematical relationships involving fundamental constants like pi (π) and the golden ratio (ϕ).
For example, equations like π – ϕ^2 = 0.5236 and one-fifth of ϕ^2 = 0.5236 yield the precise value of this ancient unit in meters, tying it to the pyramid’s mathematical design. Even more remarkably, this unit of 0.5236 meters is approximately one-sixth of the distance between the pyramid’s latitude and the poles, suggesting a conscious effort to relate this standard of length to the Earth’s dimensions and geographic position.
The ancient Egyptians’ understanding of this “metre-like” unit and its relationship to the Earth’s geometry and cosmic phenomena like axial precession (encoded in the number 43,200 related to the pyramid) hints at a level of scientific and mathematical sophistication far beyond what was previously attributed to them.
It was not until the late 18th century, during the French Revolution, that the modern metric system was proposed, with the metre officially defined as one ten-millionth of the distance from the North Pole to the equator along the meridian passing through Paris. This new standard was formally adopted in 1793 and eventually replaced the diverse range of measurement units used across the world with a unified, decimal-based system.
The Metre: From Earth’s Geometry to Fundamental Constants
- The metre is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI). [1][2][3][4]
- It was originally defined in 1793 as one ten-millionth of the distance from the North Pole to the equator along the meridian passing through Paris. However, this definition was impractical for precise measurements. [2]
- Since 1983, the metre has been defined as “the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second”. [1][2][4]
- This definition fixes the metre in terms of the fundamental physical constants of the speed of light in vacuum and the second, which is derived from the radiation frequency of the caesium atom. [2][4]
- The metre can be realized in practice by either: 1) measuring the time it takes for a pulse of light to travel a distance (time-of-flight), or 2) using interferometry to count the number of wavelengths of a laser light source of known frequency. [2][4]
So in summary, while early definitions related the metre to Earth’s geometry, the modern definition is based solely on the precise measurement of the speed of light and time, completely decoupled from any physical section or dimension of the Earth itself. The metre is simply a precisely defined standard unit for measuring length universally.
Simple List
Here are the amazing facts about the Great Pyramid of Giza based on the search results:
- It was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years until the 19th century, originally standing at 481 feet (147 meters) tall. [1][4]
- It is estimated to weigh around 6.5 million tons and consists of over 2.3 million limestone and granite blocks, some weighing up to 80 tons. [2][4]
- The base covers over 13 acres and each side measures 755 feet (230 meters) in length, oriented almost perfectly to the four cardinal directions. [2][5]
- The interior has an intricate design with sloping and ascending passages, the Grand Gallery, the King’s Chamber lined with granite, and small shafts leading to the exterior. [2][5]
- It was built as a tomb for the Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops) of the 4th Dynasty around 2560-2540 BCE, taking an estimated 20 years and over 100,000 workers to construct. [2][4]
- The granite coffer in the King’s Chamber is too large to fit through the existing passages, leaving a mystery of how it was placed inside. [3]
- Two boat pits containing dismantled wooden boats were found near the pyramid, likely intended for the pharaoh’s use in the afterlife. [3]
- It maintains a constant interior temperature of around 20°C (68°F) despite exterior conditions. [1]
- There are theories of hidden chambers and shafts yet to be discovered using modern scanning technology. [2]
- It is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and the only one still largely intact today. [2][5]
Alignment and Orientation
- The Great Pyramid is the most accurately aligned structure in existence, facing true north with only 3/60th of a degree of error. [4]
- Its four sides are precisely aligned to the four cardinal directions, oriented almost perfectly to true north. [4]
- The position of the entrance passage pointed directly towards the pole star Alpha Draconis around 2170-2144 BCE, indicating the builders had knowledge of this pole star at that time. [4]
- One of the shafts in the King’s Chamber pointed directly towards the star Al Nitak (Zeta Orionis) in the Orion constellation around 2450 BCE. [4]
- The Pyramids of Giza (including the Great Pyramid) are aligned with the stars in the Orion constellation, associated with the Egyptian god Osiris. [4]
Relationship to Earth
- The Great Pyramid is located at the center of the landmass of the Earth, where the longest line of east-west parallel and north-south meridian intersect. [4]
- The curvature designed into the pyramid’s faces exactly matches the radius of the Earth. [4]
- The weight of the pyramid (5,955,000 tons) multiplied by 10^8 gives a reasonable estimate of the Earth’s mass. [4]
- It is proposed that the Great Pyramid is a scale model of the Earth at a ratio of 1:43,200, encoding its own latitude and longitude. [1]
- Its base perimeter is claimed to be equal to 1/2 a minute of latitude (1/43,200th of 360 degrees). [1]
The Great Pyramid exhibits extremely precise alignments to the cardinal directions, stars like Alpha Draconis and the Orion constellation, and incorporates unique geometric and mathematical relationships that may model the Earth itself. [1][4]